CarMax, Inc. (KMX) Q3 2023 Earnings Call Transcript

CarMax, Inc. (NYSE:KMX) Q3 2023 Earnings Conference Call December 22, 2022 9:00 AM ET

Corporate Participants

David Lowenstein – Investor Relations

Bill Nash – President and Chief Executive Officer

Enrique Mayor-Mora – Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer

Jon Daniels – Senior Vice President, CarMax Auto Finance Operations

Conference Call Participants

Brian Nagel – Oppenheimer

Rajat Gupta – JPMorgan

John Healy – Northcoast Research

Daniel Imbro – Stephens Inc.

John Murphy – Bank of America

Seth Basham – Wedbush Securities

Sharon Zackfia – William Blair

Craig Kennison – Baird

Michael Montani – Evercore

Chris Bottiglieri – BNP Paribas

Chris Pierce – Needham

David Whiston – Morningstar

Operator

Ladies and gentlemen, thank you for standing by. Welcome to the Third Quarter Fiscal year 2023 CarMax Earnings Release Conference Call. At this time, all participants are a in listen-only mode. After the speakers’ presentation, there will be a question-and-answer session. Please be advised that today’s conference is being recorded.

I would now like to hand the conference over to your speaker today, David Lowenstein, AVP Investor Relations. Please go ahead.

David Lowenstein

Thank you, Ashley. Good morning, everyone. Thank you for joining our fiscal 2023 third quarter earnings conference call. I’m here today with Bill Nash, our President and CEO; Enrique Mayor-Mora, our Executive Vice President and CFO; and Jon Daniels, our Senior Vice President, CarMax Auto Finance Operations.

Let me remind you, our statements today that are not statements of historical fact, including statements regarding the company’s future business plans, prospects and financial performance are forward-looking statements we make pursuant to the Safe Harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These statements are based on our current knowledge, expectations, and assumptions, and are subject to substantial risks and uncertainties that could cause the actual results to differ materially from our expectations. In providing projections and other forward-looking statements, we disclaim any intent or obligation to update them.

For additional information on important factors that could affect these expectations, please see our Form 8-K, filed with the SEC, this morning, and our annual report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended February 28, 2022, previously filed with the SEC. Should you have any follow-up questions after the call, please feel free to contact our Investor Relations department at 804-747-0422 extension 7865.

Lastly, let me thank you in advance for asking only one question and getting back in the queue for more follow-ups. Bill?

Bill Nash

Great, thank you, David. Good morning, everyone, and thanks for joining us.

Our third quarter results reflect the continuation of widespread pressures across the used car industry. Vehicle affordability remain challenging due to macro factors stemming from broad inflation, climbing interest rates, and continued low consumer confidence. In addition, persistent and steep depreciation impacted wholesale values throughout the quarter. In response, we have been taking deliberate steps to support our business for both the short-term and for the long run. We are leveraging our strongest assets, our associates, our experience and our culture to manage through this cycle.

Actions that we took during the quarter include further reducing SG&A, selling a higher mix of older lower priced vehicles, slowing buys in light of the steep market depreciation, maintaining used saleable inventory units while driving down total inventory dollars more than 25% year-over-year. Raising caps consumer rates to help offset rising cost of funds, pausing share buyback to give us capital flexibility and slowing our planned store growth for next fiscal year to five locations while maintaining our ability to open more locations if market conditions change.

In the near term, we are prioritizing initiatives that unlock operational efficiencies and create better experiences for our associates and our customers. While we continue to selectively invest in initiatives that have the potential to activate new capabilities, we have slowed the pace of those investments. We believe these steps will enable us to come out of this cycle leaner and more effective while positioning us for future growth. We will provide more details on these actions later during today’s call.

And now on to our results. For the third quarter of FY 23, our diversified business model delivered total sales of $6.5 billion down 24% compared with last year’s third quarter driven by lower retail and wholesale volume. In our retail business, total unit sales in the third quarter declined 20.8% and used unit comps were down 22.4% versus the third quarter last year, when we achieved a 15.8% used unit comp.

In addition to the macro factors that I mentioned previously, we believe our performance was impacted by transitory competitive responses to the current environment. External title data indicates that we gained market share on a year-to-date basis through October, though we’ve seen some recent loss of share. As we have said before, we are focused on profitable market share gains that can be sustained for the long-term. Through expansive price elasticity testing, we determined that holding margins during the quarter was the right profitability play.

Third quarter retail gross profit per used units was $2,237, which is consistent with last year’s third quarter. Also unit sales were down 36.7% versus the third quarter last year, driven by rapidly changing market conditions, which included about $2,000 of depreciation. This is incremental to approximately $2,500 of depreciation experienced during the second quarter. Wholesale performance was also impacted as we continued to reallocate some older vehicles from wholesale to retail to meet consumer demand for lower priced vehicles.

Also, gross profit per unit was $966, down from a third quarter record of $1,131 a year ago. Recall, last year prices appreciated approximately $2,500 during the quarter, which was a margin tailwind. Just as we were doing in retail, we will continue to focus on maximizing total wholesale margin profitability.

We bought approximately 238,000 vehicles from consumers and dealers during the third quarter down 40% versus last year’s period. Our volume was impacted by steep depreciation and our deliberate decision to slow buys in reaction to the depreciation. We purchased approximately 224,000 cars from consumers in the quarter with about half of those buys coming through our online instant appraisal experience.

We also sourced about 14,000 vehicles through Max offer our digital appraisal product for dealers up 16% from last year’s third quarter. Our self-sufficiency remained above 70% during the quarter. In regard to our third quarter online metrics approximately 12% of retail unit sales were online up from 9% in the prior year’s quarter. Approximately 52% of retail unit sales were Omni sales this quarter, down from 57% in the prior year’s quarter.

Our wholesale auctions remained virtual so 100% wholesale sales, which represent 18% of total revenue are considered online transactions. Total revenue resulting from online transactions was approximately 28% down from 30% during last year’s third quarter.

CarMax Auto Financer Cap delivered income of 152 million down from 166 million during the same period last year. John will provide more detail on consumer financing the loan loss provision, and cash contribution in a few moments.

At this point, I’d like to turn the call over to Enrique who will provide more information on our third quarter financial performance and the steps we’ve taken to further align our business to the current sales environment. Enrique?

Enrique Mayor-Mora

Thanks, Bill. Good morning, everyone.

Third quarter net earnings per diluted share was $0.24 down from $1.63 a year ago. Total gross profit was $577 million down 31% from last year’s third quarter. Used retail margin of $403 million and wholesale vehicle margin of $115 million declined 21% and 46% respectively. The year-over-year decreases were driven by lower volume across used and wholesale and lower wholesale margin per unit.

As Bill noted, we continue to face depreciation and have been adjusting accordingly to better position ourselves to manage through the current environment.

Other gross profit was $59 million down 49% from last year’s third quarter. This decrease was driven primarily by the effect of lower retail unit sales on service and EPP. Service results declined $37 million has lower sales and secondarily, our decision to maintain technician staffing levels drove some deleveraging. Technicians are among the most in-demand associates in the industry, and their retention will position us strongly to quickly grow inventory when we exit the current cycle.

EPP fell by 14% or $15 million, reflecting the decline in sales that was partially offset by stronger margins, and a favorable year-over-year returned reserve adjustment.

Penetration was stable at approximately 60%. Third-party finance fees were relatively flat over last year’s third quarter with lower volume and fee generating Tier-2 offset by lower Tier-3 volumes for which we pay a fee.

On the SG&A front expenses for the third quarter were $592 million up 3% from the prior year’s quarter, reflecting a slowdown from the year-over-year increases of 19% during the first quarter and 16% during the second quarter of this year.

In the prior year’s third quarter, we received a $23 million settlement from a class action lawsuit adjusting for that settlement, SG&A actually would have declined 1% year-over-year this quarter. SG&A as a percent of gross profit was materially pressured as compared to the third quarter last year, due primarily to the 31% decrease in total gross margin dollars compared to last year’s quarter.

The change in SG&A dollars over last year was mainly due to the following factors. First, a $41 million increase in other overhead primarily driven by cycling over last year’s legal settlement. We also continue to invest, although at a reduced pace in our technology platforms and strategic and growth initiatives.

Second, an $18 million reduction in compensation and benefits, including a $16 million decrease in share-based compensation, and third, a $17 million reduction in advertising.

During the quarter, we continue to take steps to better align our expenses to our sales. This included further reducing staffing through attrition in our stores and CECs limiting hiring and contractor utilization in our corporate offices and continuing to align our marketing spend to sales. While our advertising expense was lower year-over-year, our investment on a per unit basis remains consistent with last year’s third quarter. We remain focused on reducing expenses and anticipate continued progress in the fourth quarter.

Regarding capital structure, our first priority is to fund the business. Given third quarter performance and continued market uncertainties, we are taking a conservative approach to our capital structure. While our adjusted debt-to-capital ratio was below 35% to 45% targeted range. We are managing our net leverage to maintain the flexibility that allows us to efficiently access the capital markets for both CAF and CarMax as a whole.

In keeping with this goal of maintaining flexibility, we took the following steps this quarter in addition to the SG&A actions I spoke to. First, we paused our share buybacks. Our $2.45 billion authorization remains in place, as does our commitment to return capital back to shareholders over time. Second, we slowed the velocity of our CapEx spend, we expect CapEx will end the fiscal year at approximately $450 million versus our previous $500 million estimate. As Bill mentioned, we have also conservatively planned store growth of five new locations in fiscal year 2024. Our liquidity remains very strong. We ended the quarter with over $680 million in cash on the balance sheet and no draw on our $2 billion revolver.

Now I’d like to turn the call over to Jon.

Jon Daniels

Thanks, Enrique, and good morning, everyone.

In the third quarter, the strength and stability of our credit platform provided approvals to over 95% of the consumers who applied for credit during their shopping journey. CarMax Auto Finance originated $2.1 billion within the quarter, resulting in a penetration of 44.4% net three-day payoffs up from 42.2% realized in the same quarter last year and 41.2% in Q2.

The weighted average contract rate charged to new customers was 9.8%, which was higher than the 8.3% in last year’s third quarter and a 9.4% seen in Q2. We continue to leverage our scalable testing environments and nimble underwriting infrastructure to strategically pass along a portion of the increased funding costs to consumers while still increasing share of the finance contracts.

Tier-2 penetration in the quarter was 20.5% in line with historical levels, but down from last year’s 22.2%. Tier-3 have financed 6.1% of used unit sales compared to 6.5% a year ago. Our lenders continued to make their own independent lending decisions in this challenging environment, and we remain pleased with the competitive offers they are collectively able to provide to our customers.

CAF income for the quarter was $152 million, a decrease of 8.3% or $14 million from the same period last year. Our loan loss provision was $86 million, resulting in an ending reserve balance of $491 million. This is compared to a provision of $76 million in last year’s Q3. The current quarter’s reserve of $491 million is 2.95% of managed receivables up slightly from 2.92% at the end of this year second quarter. This sequential three basis point adjustment in reserves to receivables ratio, comes primarily from the continued addition of Tier-2 and Tier-3 receivables to the overall portfolio as seen in previous quarters.

All in all, we were pleased with the credit performance within our portfolio during the quarter, we believe we are appropriately reserved for future losses. Further, we continue to be in a strong position to leverage our unique credit platforms to operate our Tier-1 business within our targeted loss range up 2% to 2.5%.

Within the quarter, total interest margin dollars were flat to last year at $277 million modestly supported by a $5 million benefit from our hedging strategy. The corresponding margin to receivables rate 6.7% was down 54 basis points year-over-year as receivables with historically low funding costs are offset by the receivables impacted by the more recent Fed moves.

Regarding advancements in our broader credit technology, during the third quarter, we successfully completed the nationwide rollout of finance-based shopping, our multilinear pre-qualification product, and we continue to see a high level of engagement with this experience.

As a reminder, this gives customers the ability to digitally receive quick credit decisions across our entire inventory be our simple online application with no impact to credit scores. This also allows consumers to quickly and easily secure financing at any point in their shopping journey.

Like the rest of the business, CAF is also focused on driving efficiencies. We are already seeing benefits from the modern, more nimble receivable servicing system that we launched a year ago. Consumer finance is a highly regulated and everchanging space. And our new system allows us to adapt more easily to these necessary changes. A recent example is California’s upcoming regulatory change that requires added disclosure and refund requirements related to the cancellation of the GAP waiver product. With our old system, the implementation would have been lengthy and onerous, and we likely would have temporarily suspended the product in the state while we made the changes.

However, with our new more agile technology, we are able to incorporate these requirements without interrupting. This is just one example of our early wins resulting from our new system, and we have a clear line of sight to many more in the near and midterm.

Now I’ll turn the call back over to Bill.

Bill Nash

Thank you, Jon, and thank you, Enrique.

As I mentioned at the start of today’s call, we’re taking steps to support our business by prioritizing projects that unlock operating efficiencies and create better experiences for our associates and customers. It starts with making our omni-channel experience faster, simpler and more seamless. Some examples include, we’re enhancing online features to help customers feel more confident in completing key transaction steps on their own and make it easier to go back and forth between assisted help and self-progression. We’re also making it simple for consumers to opt into express pickup through self-progression.

This delivery option offers customers the ability to complete their transaction at one of our stores in as little as 30 minutes and represents a win-win opportunity. Our research shows that customers love this experience when utilized and it will enable us to lower our costs over time. Our final example is that we are working to seamlessly integrate our finance base shopping product into our stores and customer experience centers so that all consumers can enjoy this experience, not just those who shop online. At the same time, we are adding additional lenders to the platform to expand the breadth and depth of offers available to our customers.

As we evolve our omni-channel experience, we are also updating our operating models to drive efficiency gains in our stores. For example, in our business offices, we have launched self-check-in capabilities for appraisal customers and have also enhanced e-sign functionality to better enable self-progression. Additionally, we are testing an improved digital customer queue to better manage appointments, as well as new software to improve title speed and visibility. We anticipate these tools will enable us to reduce associate time spent per customer and shorten customer transaction times. Our associates are key to providing an exceptional customer experience and we are focused on leveraging their skills in the most value-added manner.

We will also continue to selectively invest in key projects that have the potential to deliver new capabilities while lowering our costs. Examples include first, we’re updating Max offer our appraisal product for dealers, which is available in approximately 50 markets. Many of our dealers are still on the initial version, which does not provide instant offers and requires them to take and send us vehicle pictures. We are rolling out a new product which offers a fully digital instant offer experience to all dealers. We believe this will well position us to grow our dealer, dealer buys more efficiently and support higher volume over time.

Second, we are leveraging technology to enhance our logistics capability. We move approximately 2 million vehicles each year. We estimate that our internal logistics operation drives about a 20% cost advantage over third-party providers and improves our speed, predictability and control of moves. Enhancements to our transportation management system will enable us to consolidate loads, increase our mix of full loads and reduce the truck volume in and out of our stores. This will support our ability to keep our costs low as we complete moves even faster and more efficiently.

Third, we’re continuing to upgrade our auction experience. During the third quarter, we scaled our modernized vehicle detail page to 50% of dealers. This page is mobile friendly provides more relevant data to our dealers, and improved search and filter functionality. It is also the springboard that we will use to launch capabilities we believe will further enhance our wholesale business, including AI enhanced condition reports and proxy bidding. We are confident that our focus initiatives will drive efficiencies and grow our business over the long-term.

In closing, we have spent almost 30 years building a diversified business that can profitably navigate the ups and downs of the used car industry. We have a strong balance sheet and access to capital. Our experience in inventory and margin management is a strength and we will continue to be thoughtful and manage our expenses pulling levers as necessary. While we’re not able to predict how long the industry will remain challenged, we believe the pressures are transitory and that we are well positioned to manage through them and emerge an even stronger company.

I want to thank our associates for everything that they’re doing to support each other, our customers and our business, our foundation remains strong, and we’re excited about the future of our diversified business model.

With that, we’ll be happy to take your questions. Ashley?

Question-and-Answer Session

Operator

[Operator Instructions] And your first question comes from the line of Brian Nagel with Oppenheimer. Your line is open.

Brian Nagel

So I guess the question I have just with regard to sales. And maybe Bill, if you could discuss a bit more just this trend of sales through the quarters, we understand better, how the business is performing here. And then also, you mentioned in your comments that you saw market share declines, if you will, I guess later in the period. It sounds like that was a result of others taking more aggressive actions on price. You can elaborate further there. Who’s doing what, what cohort of your competition is doing that? And how long should it — how long would you expect that dynamic to persist?

And then, I guess a follow up to that, as you look at your business and CarMax has historically been very, very good at managing inventories. But you’re starting to see now others take more aggressive action on price, and you’ve held the wider margin. Could there be percolating issues within your inventory?

Bill Nash

All right. There’s a lot in there, Brian. So let me start with sales during the quarter. The last time we spoke, it was middle of September, latter part of September, we talked about sales being down in the mid-teens, it actually got a little softer by the end of September. And it continued. We continue to see even more softness in October and November.

I’ll save you from having to get back into the queue because I’m sure your next question is, well, how’s December panning out? December is actually running about where the quarter — the third quarter ran on average. So it’s a little bit better than November. But I would just remind you that we’re also going to be — we’re comping over a little bit of easier performance, obviously, than we were from the third quarter that we will be doing in the fourth quarter.

As far as market share, giving you some detail on market share declines. Year-to-date, like you said, we’ve still got — we still have gains in share. We did see declines most recently in September and October, which is the latest title data that we have. But this speaks to — I always hesitate talking about market share on the short-term basis because sometimes there are some temporary pressures. And we saw competitors lowering prices and margins to move inventory, which I’ll be honest, it’s not surprising.

I mean, we saw a very similar play back in ’08, ’09 recession. It’s also the reason that we did much more expansive pricing elasticity testing and through those tests, we’re confident that even though we would have sold more cars if we had lowered the prices we actually would have made — we made less money. And as I said in my opening remarks, and what I’ve always says we’re always, what we’re going after is profitable on a long-term market share gains, and I think we’ve got a great track record on that.

I think your other question was just who’s getting that look. This is a highly dispersed business lots and lots of players out there. I can’t point to any of them. I just know that widespread pressures of folks trying to move their inventory and get rid of it.

Operator

We’ll take our next question from Rajat Gupta with JPMorgan. Please go ahead.

Rajat Gupta

Maybe, first thing just on retail GPU, obviously, very well managed, again, this quarter. You talked about the fact that you’re not discounting as much as some of your competitors. But at some point, you have to move the inventory that you have, it seems like it’s aging — and it’s getting older on the lot. So like what gives ultimately, I mean, what do you have to consider the discounting at some point to move that inventory out the door, if not this quarter, maybe the next quarter? So how do you manage that transition? And how should we think about implications to retail GPU maybe in the next quarter or two through that pricing position? And I have a follow-up. Thanks.

Bill Nash

So, Rajat great question. This is where I think we really shine when it comes to inventory management, I’m really pleased if you notice, I talked about how much our total inventory has gone down. But we were able to maintain saleable units. And that’s because the team did a phenomenal job, really cleaning up stuff that we had, when we were waiting on parts, missing titles, we really worked hard to clean up a lot. So to your point, the aging inventory, it’s one of the reasons why you didn’t see more movement in our ASPs. Our average selling price is given the depreciation, the team did a phenomenal job working through that getting it out there. And then with our sophisticated price testing, we just realized, look there’s no sense and given this away. And so again, we feel like we put ourselves in really good position going forward. And I think what you’ll see going forward is, your retail average selling prices are going to come down a lot more than what you’ve seen up to this point. So we feel good about retail GPU, obviously we will continue to test the elasticity as we go forward. But if elasticity holds, I think you’ll see us continue to have robust, robust retail GPUs.

Rajat Gupta

Got it. And maybe like, the other gross profit line, if I look at the volume that you did three years ago, very similar to the volumes that you have today, really slightly lower today. And that other gross profit was 94 million and now 59 million, despite your third-party financing fee is actually better. And so why is that like down almost 50% on a similar level of volume? I mean, is there any opportunity to reduce the cost there. And I know, you mentioned that you want to retain the technicians, but how long are we going to see this kind of run rate before it can recouple to what you had in the past? And thanks for taking the question.

Enrique Mayor-Mora

Yes, specifically with the other margin, what you really need to do is look within the service business, and this quarter a couple things. Number one was just with sales volumes being where they were down 20% year-over-year, that places a fair bit of de leverage pressure on the service business. That’s number one. But number two, have almost equal importance this quarter, about $15 million year-over-year was our decision, the correct decision is to hold on to technicians. It’s a very difficult position to staff. It is that most important that we retain, and we recruit the technicians because when we come out of this cycle, we want to be in a position where we can actually ramp up our inventory quickly, faster than our competitors.

But that being said, it is an investment that flows through that service line. And again, this quarter was roughly $15 million given the current sales levels, but it’s absolutely the right decision for the medium term and definitely for the longer term. That was the biggest pressure this quarter Rajat.

Bill Nash

Yes. Rajat going over I would add is, obviously, you’re comparing it to a few years ago, we have a lot more production capacity now, because we have more technicians, we have more space. So that’s feeding into it as well.

Rajat Gupta

Sorry, just a follow up. What’s your view on the cycle recovery? I mean, like, are you anticipating things like rebound at some point next year or I mean, what kind of conviction do you have on that like, just so that you might have to take some of these kind of actions, more aggressively? We’d like to hear some of the thought process there.

Bill Nash

Yes. Look Rajat, your guess as far as what’s going to happen next year as good as mine. I think what we’re trying to do is put ourselves in a position that regardless of what happens in the upcoming quarters, will flex up or if we need to pull additional levers will pull additional levers. So we’re just trying to give ourselves flexibility at this point.

Enrique Mayor-Mora

Yes. I mean, we are laser focused on what we can control. And that’s what we’re taking actions on. And so you can take a look at our SG&A and how we’ve bent the curve there. You can take a look at service, yes, it’s up. But again, there’s — the reason it’s up is, that we’re investing in our technicians, because we know that we’re going to get through this cycle. And when we emerge from that, we want to be in a really strong position to reduce cars quickly.

Rajat Gupta

Got it. Great. Thanks for taking the question.

Operator

We will take our next question from John Healy with Northcoast Research. Please go ahead.

John Healy

Just wanted to ask for a little bit more color on the SG&A cadence. I appreciate the comp cadence, but I was just wondering if you could help us think about the actions you took in Q3. And maybe the run rates and really, I don’t know if we can think about an SG&A to gross kind of level for the next couple of quarters, or just help us understand kind of, what might be reasonable for you guys, just because there’s been a lot of growth SG&A. And now it sounds like you’re calibrating that. So anything you could provide there would be helpful?

Enrique Mayor-Mora

Yes, great. Thank you, John. Yes, like I said, in my prepared remarks, we have significantly bent the curve on our SG&A go back to the first half of the year as a whole, it was up 16% to 17% year-over-year. We’ve bend that down to 3%, year-over-year growth this quarter. But again, when you back out the $23 million settlement that we received last year in the third quarter, you’re really looking at a slight decrease in overall SG&A. So pretty material change in the curve. We would expect that to carry forward into the fourth quarter and into next year. And why is that? It’s because it’s the actions we’ve been talking about, right. And that’s really kind of two groups of actions. Number one is on the more variable perspective, we’ve been lowering our headcount, lowering our staffing, from an attrition basis in our stores. So that actually takes a little bit more time, right, because you’re managing it through attrition, but we believe it’s the right thing to do from a culture standpoint. And that has been bleeding down really, since the second quarter, when we started talking about it, we expect that’ll carry forward to the fourth quarter and into next year.

The second piece is really taking a look at our fixed costs and actively managing there as well. So I’ve talked about looking at our uses of — our usage of contractors in the corporate home office, we’ve pulled back there, right. And we’ve also essentially paused our hiring in the corporate office. We are still hiring backfills and key positions that we have as well, kind of strategic positions as well, by materially, so we’ve kind of paused our corporate overhead hiring as well.

So we’ve taken strong actions, we believe they’re appropriate actions for the marketplace that we’re operating in. If we need to take further actions, we would do that as well, if required, but we believe we’re strongly positioned right now. And to answer your question about like the cadence, I would expect the fourth quarter to look similar to the third quarter once you back out the settlement from last year.

John Healy

And when you say relatively similar to the Q3, would that be in terms of dollars, or would that be in terms of SG&A to gross?

Enrique Mayor-Mora

Yes. So it’s more of a year-over-year SG&A and how that’s moving, it’s not to grow? So I think the challenge, John with the leverage ratio, the SG&A to gross profit is we can control SG&A. And I believe we’ve been doing that effectively. The challenge is the gross profit number. So depending on where that gross profit number ends up and sharp movements, quarter-to-quarter make it really difficult to manage that leverage ratio.

So in terms of, as I mentioned earlier, we’ll control what we can control. And that’s what we’re focused on. We’re focused on that SG&A line. So I would — my comments are specifically about SG&A growth year-over-year and the quarter.

John Healy

Perfect, thank you. And just one follow up question just about the gross profit per unit levels. I feel like you’ve kind of already answered this, but just want to ask it maybe in a different way. Hypothetically, if ASPs fall another 5% to 10% over the next couple of quarters either given market conditions or just changing of mix? Are you guys still confident that the $2200 GPU level is achievable? And even in that scenario, so I just wanted to ask that more directly.

Bill Nash

Yes. Look, I think we feel very comfortable where we’re running the retail GPUs. We’ll continue to monitor the test. But look, I expect ASPs to continue to fall, which I think overall for the industry is a good thing to help drop some gap between new and late model use. So we feel comfortable with where our GPUs are and will continue to test.

John Healy

Appreciate it. Thank you, guys.

Operator

We will take our next question from Daniel Imbro with Stephens Inc. Please go ahead.

Daniel Imbro

I want to follow up on John’s question on expenses. Enrique, can you just provide some more color around really what the biggest inflationary drivers are in that other overhead costs fine? I think you pulled back, you said on some of the labor end of the season, and it’s still up, $40 million year-over-year. So is any of that one-time increase? And then just taking a step back on expenses, I think even last quarter, we talked about, one of the reasons that you don’t want to reduce headcount too quickly, is the need to hire back. And that gets harder next year. But now it sounds like we’re expecting a softer backdrop for the next 12 plus months. So I guess why not reduce expenses or headcount more quickly across other parts of the enterprise? Thanks.

Enrique Mayor-Mora

Yes. And what I’d say there is that, we did, and so as sales got more challenged in the third quarter, we went deeper into the staffing levels in the field. And so, it’s still through attrition. So it does take a little bit longer. But at the same time, we did lower our staffing targets to reflect the current sales environments, I tell you, we did go deeper into managing those expenses.

And in regards to your first question, I think you’re asking about the other expense line, and what goes in there, because it was a 41% increase, if you just look at the release, right? That is primarily because we’re comping over the $23 million settlement that we had last year, if you back that out, you’re looking at less than half of that as an increase. And what that really is attributed to is our investments in technology and product, right. And that’s what that’s attributed to. What I will tell you, though, as well, if you compare it to prior quarters, there is a reduction in the pace of that investment from a year-over-year standpoint. And so we’ve been pulling back there as well.

You also see that manifested in our CapEx guidance for this year. We’ve taken that down from 500 to 450, the largest chunk of that decrease, really comes from a slowing down some of those projects, in addition to just slowing down some of the capacity initiatives that we have out there in terms of growing our capacity with lower volume, we’re just slowing down some of those investments.

Bill Nash

And Daniel the only thing I would add there is, look, our culture is one that’s a people first mindset, our people are the reason for our success. And that’s the reason we chosen to allow attrition to get us to where we need to be. We will obviously continue to monitor the situation, but we’re very comfortable with allowing attrition to get us to where we need to be.

Daniel Imbro

Got it. I’ll stick with one question. And I’ll hop back in the queue for follow up. Thanks.

Operator

We’ll take our next question from John Murphy with Bank of America. Please go ahead.

John Murphy

I just wanted to focus, sort of on the supply side here just for a second. I mean, when you think about the one- to six-year-old car fleet that’s going to continue to probably shrink for the next couple of years. Competition is more focused on the [indiscernible], as you mentioned in the dealer. So it seems like the available one- to six-year-old car fleet is — it’s why is going to continue to shrink. But certainly what’s available to you and other folks in the secondary market. But you’ve kind of mentioned going lower in the agent price spectrum, to drive volume. And you’ve shown an ability to kind of manage that fairly well. So I’m just curious, how fast you can move on that to potentially drive volume back up here, lower price points, but higher grosses, and maybe better returns, just on the capital employed.

Bill Nash

Yes. Thanks for the question, John. It’s interesting, because we’re kind of living a very similar life to what we did after the ’08, ’09 recession, you remember where you come out of that you have less newer cars, and it kind of has to work its way through. I tell you, we’re in a better position today than we were back there just because our self-sufficiency is so high. And we’ll be able to sell what consumers are looking for. And we’re going to be able to get that really, in a better way than we could after 08, 09 because our self-sufficiency is so high. In my opening comments, one of the reasons our buyers were down so far, obviously, depreciation was the biggest lever, but there’s also we made some decision just to slow down buys. And so there were retail cars that we purposely did not buy because of the risk of those cars in a highly depreciating type of market. So, again, I’m very comfortable with where we are and I think we’re better positioned than we were in 08, 09. And I think we did a phenomenal job in 08 and 09 navigating that period.

John Murphy

But maybe a follow-up, Bill, I mean, how fast can you move on this to drive comps positive? I mean, we understand that kind of the headwinds in sort of what was traditionally your core. I mean, it is obvious, you know it. I mean, you’re going after it. I mean, when do you kind of just push and just increase, maybe materially the penetration of these older vehicles to drive the volumes higher? Because, I mean, the one thing that, it’s very admirable is that the variable, GPU or the focus on GPUs, which is a variable cost analysis, but you do have these fixed costs that are high, particularly as Enrique was talking about these technicians. So you got to cover these costs at some point not, I mean when can you do this? I mean, something you are stating to do and but you’re not doing it?

Bill Nash

Well, when you talk about penetration of older vehicles, but the penetration and how much we put out there is driven by the consumer demand, and not everybody wants an older, higher mileage type of vehicle that’s less expensive. So again, that’s all driven by demand. And as we see consumers continue to demand that will continue to put that out. But again, not everybody’s — not everyone’s looking for that.

John Murphy

Okay. So I mean, it’s really a supply, I mean, it’s getting to the supply of the core product more than being able to push older.

Bill Nash

Well, I think it’s just more — it’s a bigger issue. It’s just — you have to go back to a vehicle affordability. It’s just keeping a lot of people on the sidelines right now. And it’s not only vehicle affordability, that’s the lion’s share. But you also have rising interest rates. If I look at CAF payments, just Tier-1 payment, just as an example. So the monthly payment, which is the biggest factor on whether someone’s going to decide to buy a car or not, it’s up 150 bucks year-over-year with the majority of that being driven by the vehicle price, with a smaller piece being driven by the interest rates. And I think you’ve got that which is obviously keeping people on the sidelines, not to mention just the overall inflationary pressures. And I think what we’re trying to do is make sure that we’ve got the right amount of inventory, the right mix of inventory out there to meet the consumer demand and be very thoughtful about, our margins in order to cover the costs in the way that we’re taking people first mindset on how we approach the business.

John Murphy

Okay. All right. Thank you very much.

Operator

And our next question comes from Seth Basham with Wedbush Securities. Please go ahead.

Seth Basham

Just to clarify for this sales environment where comps continuing to trend down 20%, you still expect SG&A to be flat to up year-over-year in the fourth quarter and going forward?

Enrique Mayor-Mora

No, I mentioned that you need to back out the $23 million we got last year in the third quarter. And so we would expect to be down year-over-year in the fourth quarter. It gets a little bit tricky Seth is like quarter-to-quarter things can happen. But our expectation is that we would be down year-over-year in the fourth quarter.

Seth Basham

Okay. And again, how much down and when you think about the 20% decline persisting when you decide to get more aggressive on SG&A?

Enrique Mayor-Mora

Yes. Well, we’re not going to provide guidance on how much down in the fourth quarter because again, there’s some variability quarter-to-quarter, but what I tell you is our expectation is that it will be down year-over-year. And if you look at the kind of the trend that we’ve been managing to — I think we’ve been focused on SG&A. And we’ve been pulling the right levers so far. Now, if business doesn’t pick up and deteriorates, we have other levers we can pull, right. But for the time being, we believe we pulled the right levers, and we’ll continue to manage the business prudently as we always do.

Seth Basham

Got it. And my follow up question is just on the wholesale business, the wholesale to retail ratio in terms of units sold, declined sharply to 66% this quarter, would you consider this the new normal?

Bill Nash

No, I consider this what you would see in a highly depreciating market. When prices are going down a lot like they have been. And consumers have been told for the last year that this is the best time to sell their car, they can get more than they could ever gotten before. There’s a disconnect there. And so as prices come down, it always drives our buy rate down. The other thing I would just add to that is that we stepped back, our appraisal advertising just given the volatility of the market. So no, I don’t consider this the new norm.

Seth Basham

Thank you, guys.

Operator

And our next question comes from Sharon Zackfia with William Blair. Please go ahead.

Sharon Zackfia

Following up on the SG&A question. I guess is there a way to contextualize how much you’ve taken out year-to-date of SG&A. And what that run rate is now in the fourth quarter because I’m assuming that those initiatives continued in the third quarter and into the fourth quarter.

Enrique Mayor-Mora

Yes. I think the better way to think about it Sharon, or the best way to think about it is just the cadence, the year-over-year cadence that we’ve had, because there’s always seasonality that occurs right quarter-to-quarter in our business, and that also impacts SG&A. But if you again, if you go back to the first half of the year, Q1, we grew SG&A 19% up year-over-year in the first quarter. In the second quarter, it was up 16% year-over-year. This quarter, if you back out the legal settlement that we got last year, we’re down 1%. So that’s a significant decrease in the pace of SG&A. And so we are focused on it, we are managing to the current environment. And we think we’re doing so appropriately. Now, if the business continues to be challenged, there’s other things we can do. But for the time being, we’ve taken some pretty material steps to manage our SG&A.

Sharon Zackfia

Yes. I think part of the confusion is, it sounds as if you’re expecting SG&A to be down. Similarly, like down 1% in the fiscal fourth quarter year-over-year, but it also sounds as if you’re continuing to proactively manage SG&A. And I think a lot of us are trying to reconcile that in our heads as to why we wouldn’t see SG&A down a bit more year-over-year than what you saw in the third quarter, if that makes sense.

Enrique Mayor-Mora

We expect to continue to see SG&A kind of to go down. I think coming into individual quarter, it gets a little bit challenging to give you a number that we’re managing too, many things can happen on a quarter. But what I tell you is thematically and practically we expect to continue to manage our SG&A down from a year-over-year basis.

Sharon Zackfia

Okay. Maybe separately? I mean, how should we think about SG&A on a full year basis for next year? So you’ve got a lot of moving parts, you kind of have to keep your muscle intact for a potential rebound. But at the same time, you’re dealing with a very difficult macro climate. So as we think about next year, particularly with the curtailment in the opening, I mean how are you viewing SG&A dollar growth?

Enrique Mayor-Mora

Yes. The way we’re looking at SG&A is, we’ve given guidance in the past, like, hey, we need 5% to 8% gross profit go to lever, I think in this kind of environment, right? In this kind of macro backdrop, that kind of guidance is less important than what I’m about to say. So we are actually managing, and our goal is to get to kind of the mid 7%, 8% SG&A to gross profit, right, that is our first step on the way to improving our SG&A.

Now we’re going to need gross profit growth there, right. But that is our first step. Over time, we have talked about having an operating model that’s more efficient than what it used to be. And we still expect that that’s going to be over time, though, how many transformations and you can take a look at other retailers that have gone through it, it takes time to get to a better and more efficient operating model. But we expect to get back to where we used to be, it’s just going to take time.

Our first step is to get to kind of the mid 7%, 8% SG&A to gross profit, right. But again, we’re going to need gross profit support to get there. In the meantime, we’re going to continue to manage our SG&A appropriately for the market. And that’s what we do. And you can see that’s exactly what we did in the third quarter. We expect to carry that forward into the fourth quarter and into next year.

Bill Nash

And I think Sharon, we will also have a lot more visibility after the fourth quarter to really be able to tell you more depending on how the business does between now and then.

Sharon Zackfia

Thank you.

Operator

[Operator Instructions] We will go next to Craig Kennison with Baird. Please go ahead.

Craig Kennison

And I’ll try to hit the SG&A topic in a different way. But there’s been a change in the competitive landscape. And I think it’s been to your favor. And I’m wondering if philosophically, you could make a change in how aggressive you are with respect to SG&A given that, winning in this market may not be a sprint anymore, but might truly be a marathon and allow you to throttle back more aggressively than — just low single digit percentage cuts.

Enrique Mayor-Mora

Yes, Craig. I think it about a little bit differently. I think similar to you, but we have competitors that are, obviously struggling. I don’t think now is the time where, given our financial strength where we should be pulling back a whole bunch on SG&A. We have pulled considerably back. But at the same time, as I talked in my opening remarks, we also want to make sure that we’re continuing to build for the future. And I think what everybody needs to remember is, we don’t operate this business on a quarter-to-quarter basis, we operate the business for the success over the long-term. And there are some things that we’re spending on that will absolutely help us longer term. Does it give us a headwind for EPS right now? Absolutely. But is it the right decision for the company long-term? Absolutely. So again, I think, really, my thoughts are on your questions, we’re going to continue to walk this fine line. We want to continue to build out the muscle. We want to continue to find near term efficiencies, which we will do. And we’ll continue to manage the business with a long-term view versus just a quarter-to-quarter view.

Craig Kennison

And maybe just to follow up, I mean, obviously, the stocks under significant pressure, and it feels like you have the long term philosophy, but not enough shareholders are on board with it, is there something you can do to improve the messaging, or the guidance provided to maybe reduce the amount of surprise with which your results are met?

Bill Nash

I think the surprise is coming from macro factors to Enrique’s point that we really, those are things that you can’t control. And so what you need to focus on is what you can control and obviously, I think our long-term messaging is still more intact than ever. Yes, we’ve got some pain here in the short-term. But guess what we’ve seen pain before in the short-term. We’ve seen, if you look at market share, for example, which is a proxy for how I think success is going, if you look at market share, we’ve historically we’ve gained market shares.

I mean, even in the time we are at 08, 09, we lost a little market share in the near-term, but then we quickly got it back. And then some more. Even if you look in the last few years, when you look back at like FY 20, when we started really rolling out our online capabilities, we saw a step up in market share gains. Unfortunately, we went into COVID, we gave a little bit back, but the following year, we got that back plus more. Now we’re in a recessionary period. So again, I think everybody just needs to kind of keep a perspective of what we’re going after long term. And yes, the short-term can be a little noisy, but the long-term message is still intact.

Craig Kennison

Great. Thanks so much.

Operator

We’ll take our next question from Michael Montani with Evercore. Please go ahead.

Michael Montani

Just wanted to ask a little bit more on the credit side for John, if you could give us some incremental color you had mentioned 2 to 2.5 is kind of normal for Tier-1. So what were the equivalent kind of loss ratio expectations be for Tier-2 and Tier-3? And then by way of follow up would be, can you give some incremental color around delinquency trends and roll rates, if possible, at all, by tier would be very helpful?

Jon Daniels

Sure. Yes. Right on. Thanks for the question. The 2% to 2.5% is, again, our targeted range. I think we’ve done a great job staying within there. We’ve been in the Tier-3 business for since 2014, I think we’ve historically quoted, it’s basically, you know, 1% of our receivables initially, it’s now 2%. And obviously, substantially higher loss rates, I think we’ve put it’s often 10% of our losses when it was 1%. So you’re seeing maybe a 10x, 10-fold loss rate difference there in the Tier-3. Tier-2 is somewhere in between depends on where we choose to play there, there’s obviously a wide spectrum. So hopefully, that gives us some color on how to expect losses, provisioning, whatever, around the different buckets, overall macro factors and delinquencies and losses, impacting our portfolio.

I think it’s very clear delinquencies are on the rise in the industry, there’s no doubt, you can see that within our ABS deals, we’ve mentioned that historically, there’s certainly think pressure in the consumer. I think we’ve done a really, really strong job at working with that consumer. And while they might go 30, 35 days past due, helping them find solutions, such that it doesn’t go into a charge off status. So we continue to fight that good fight and work with our consumers. As Bill mentioned, obviously, monthly payments are up, I think we’ve done a nice job of being responsible in our lending to our consumers and helping them through it.

And ultimately, we reserve accordingly expecting all of this. So I think we’re in a good position from a reserve standpoint, we’ll watch the credit environment and the consumer very carefully. And hopefully that answers your questions.

Michael Montani

And maybe can you just contrast a little bit the current delinquency experience, you’re seeing vis-à-vis, what was happening in 07 and 08?

Jon Daniels

Sure. Yes, I think what you’re seeing historically is, I would say, 07 and 08, you absolutely saw an impact across the entire credit spectrum substantially. I think what we’ve identified is, we’re seeing a little more pressure on maybe the lower credit consumer, the Tier-3 into the Tier-2, maybe even a lower side of our Tier-1 space. So I see that definitely different. And again, I think that we’re seeing delinquency pressure that that hint of a challenge for the consumer, but it really is not manifesting itself into loss. Again, we’re going to watch it carefully. And we’ll see what happens. But you absolutely saw more of an impact across the credit spectrum and into the loss side in 08, 09.

And again, I think that’s a very different environment. We can all agree with that, the labor pressure is back then versus now income for the worker. So we’ll see where it translates. But I think those are the fundamental differences we’ve seen.

Michael Montani

Thank you.

Operator

We’ll go take our next question from Chris Bottiglieri with BNP. Please go ahead. Your line is open.

Chris Bottiglieri

I want to talk about your path to your target SG&A gross. It sounds like it’s gross profit dependent on some level, but some of the gross profit levels like service and use volumes that are out of your control. I think it’s probably fair to say the wholesalers took a pretty big step down this quarter. But you’ve driven significant improvement there. So I guess my point is like, where do you see the gross profit coming from? Is there any reason I think that wholesale could read on evidently.

Bill Nash

I think to Enrique’s point earlier, it is a two-piece equation. We’re controlling the expense side, the gross profit, we’re going to need the business to come back. We’re going to need it to come back. So, I think wholesale gross profit. Obviously, we made some good improvements there retail. Actually, wholesale and retail GPUs I think are both strong. Now it’s about getting some of the volume back.

I think, wholesale, I’m hopeful we can grow that a little bit more. Like I said, we did some things this quarter that probably slowed that down a little bit. But I think that’s where it’s going to be. It’d be dependent that’s going to — that’ll carry some weight.

Chris Bottiglieri

Got you. Okay, Then, question on CAF quickly, the penetration jumped a ton, despite like a pretty large rate hike. And imagine like you’ve been more in terms of quicker to raise rates. And Bring Your Own Financing jumped a bit, too, as well. And Tier-2 and Tier-3 declined. You’re also adding new partners onto the Tier-2, Tier-3 network, if I heard that correctly. So you can talk about you’re seeing there an aggregate or the Tier-2 and Tier-3 tightening credit at the margin. Does your new instant appraisal tool that you’ve added? It sounds like it includes the partners more. Will that help drive penetration of Tier-2, 3. Just any thoughts there would be helpful?

Enrique Mayor-Mora

Yes. Let me take them sequentially here. So just remark one overall penetration, yes, we mentioned in the prepared remarks, CAF penetration is up — in tandem with actually us raising rates, I think that’s something we’re really pleased about. We know that generally, you’re going to lag the market. Again, we’re competing with credit unions at the higher end. But I think we’ve done a fantastic job at raising rates 40 basis points sequentially, 150 basis points year-over-year, and still captured that penetration. So we’re pleased with that. You see, the Tier-2 penetration down from last year. And that’s your three penetration down. I think that’s a combination of two things. You absolutely see the consumer challenge there, as Bill mentioned. You still see an affordability issue there. But yes, absolutely. As we mentioned, lenders are being very — what they need to do to operate independently and pull back where they need to. And I think there’s the benefit of our platform, you’ve got a number of lenders, they’re going to work together to figure out what’s best for them, but collectively provides a good credit offer in the long run. So I think that’s you definitely see pullback there.

Chris, last part of your question, I think you mentioned — not instant appraisal tool, but our pre-quarter tool. Just to clarify there. We mentioned that we’re continuing to add lenders on to that tool. Again, we think it’s a best-in-class tool, it requires a lot of nimbleness from our lenders, they’re all coming on board. Are we seeing engagement there? Yes. I don’t know that that’s necessarily driving a ton into the penetration story, albeit that tool does bring a better credit quality consumer to the application process. But so does that answer your questions? What else have I missed?

Chris Bottiglieri

Nothing. You got my laundry list. And thanks for correcting my misspoken. Yes, that’s why that was the insert. Sorry, I said began the financing penetration tool. Thank you.

Operator

We’ll take our next question from Chris Pierce with Needham. Please go ahead.

Chris Pierce

I just wanted to kind of get some color around. You talked about competitors acting aggressively to preference units versus price where you guys’ kind of do the opposite. Is that positive because it means the industry is moving back to normal, but or is it a short-term negative because they’re going to have fresher inventory that’s going to lower your unit numbers and just kind of want to know how to think about that and how that’s kind of trended in the past. You’ve talked about seeing this before?

Bill Nash

Yes, Chris. I think what you’re saying is, there’s competitors out there that just aren’t — weren’t moving any inventory and depreciation has been very steep. And so what they’re doing is they’re trying to move some of that inventory. We’ve seen this in the past, in a lot of cases, it’s not sustainable over the long-term, because you’re just not making the money that you need to, but you’re trying to get units moved.

It’s again, the reason why we did the expensive price. That’s we wanted to see what the elasticity. And we did prices both up and down. So we did prices down, we also did price tests up just to kind of better understand it, which again, just gives us confidence that we made the right decision from a profitability standpoint.

Chris Pierce

Okay. Thank you.

Operator

We’ll take our final question from David Whiston with Morningstar. Please go ahead.

David Whiston

It looks like you had a really great free cash flow generation quarter from an inventory reduction. And I’m just curious, I guess, wanting you, how much longer can you reduce your inventory to get that free cash flow benefit yet still have adequate vehicle inventory to sell? And then, you paid off the revolver with some of that free cash flow? Do you also want to pay off that June 24 term loan to get some more balance sheet health, would you rather have that cash on hand?

Enrique Mayor-Mora

Yes. I think in this kind of environment, I think having some cash on hand isn’t a bad thing. And we absolutely used the really effective management of inventory like Bill talked about. We decreased overall inventory year-over-year, but we actually increased our sellable inventory. So that’s some impressive work by the teams to work through our WIP. And so that was really good news. We used that cash basically to, as you mentioned, to pay down the revolver, this quarter take it down to zero, that would be of no tap on our revolver. And at the same time, sit on some cash, I just think, David in this kind of environment, it’s not a bad thing to have some cash as well. So it gives us ultimately the flexibility to manage through this kind of environment. And, we have a really strong balance sheet. We’re proud of it. And we have flexibility that others don’t have in the industry. And I think that puts us in a position of strength.

David Whiston

And somewhat related, the buyback pause. I do understand wanting to be prudent. But should we interpret this to mean you guys are less optimistic about maybe the short to mid-term than you were three months ago?

Enrique Mayor-Mora

Well, it’s important that we run a conservative balance sheet in this kind of environment. And as I mentioned, in my prepared remarks, we do look at our net leverage ratios in terms of something to manage to carefully to make sure we have ultimate flexibility when it comes to having funds and managing CAF. We do have a very large cap to finance organization. And that’s just a key consideration that goes into it. So I think until the business kind of improves, and just as importantly, the macro backdrop improves, I expect that we will pause the share buyback. That being said, we remain fully committed to the share repurchase program, and we’ll get back into it at the appropriate time when things improve, and the outlook improves.

Bill Nash

Yes, David, that’s about our views have changed on, things are going to get worse. It’s just more about the uncertainty.

David Whiston

Yes, I hear you. Hopefully, it’s not too long of a pause. I think your stock is very attractive here.

Operator

Thank you. We don’t have any further questions at this time. I’ll hand the call back over to Bill for any closing remarks.

Bill Nash

Thank you, Ashley. Well, listen, thanks, everyone for joining the call today and for your questions. As I said multiple times today, we believe we’re well positioned to navigate this environment and I do think, we will emerge an even stronger company. I want to thank again, our associates for everything they’re doing in their commitment to each other and the customer and the communities and the environment. And I want to wish you all a happy holiday season and we look forward to talking again next quarter. Thank you.

Operator

Thank you. Ladies and gentlemen, that concludes third quarter fiscal year 2023 CarMax earnings release conference call. You may now disconnect.